{"id":3360,"date":"2025-07-15T19:07:13","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T12:07:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/?p=3360"},"modified":"2025-07-15T19:07:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T12:07:13","slug":"english-gerund","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/english-gerund\/","title":{"rendered":"English Gerund"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<div class=\"summary\">A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun in a sentence. It can function as the subject, object or complement.<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"toc-3\" name=\"toc-3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>In-depth Explanation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"explanation\"><a id=\"toc-4\" name=\"toc-4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">What Is a Gerund?<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Even though gerunds look like verbs, they do not act as verbs. Instead, they act as subjects, objects or complements in sentences. For example:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Swimming<\/strong>\u00a0is fun.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192 \u00a0 \u00a0 &#8220;Swimming&#8221; is the subject of the sentence.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I enjoy\u00a0<strong>reading<\/strong>\u00a0books.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192 \u00a0 \u00a0 &#8220;Reading&#8221; is the object of the verb &#8220;enjoy.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Her favorite hobby is\u00a0<strong>cooking<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &#8220;Cooking&#8221; is the complement of the verb &#8220;is.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<p><a id=\"toc-5\" name=\"toc-5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">How to Form a Gerund<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">For many verbs, we form a gerund by simply taking the\u00a0<strong>base form\u00a0<\/strong>of the verb and adding\u00a0<strong>-ing<\/strong>\u00a0to the end. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">eat\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>eating<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">talk\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>talking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">go\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>going<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">For verbs that\u00a0<strong>end in -e<\/strong>, we drop the\u00a0<strong>-e<\/strong>\u00a0and add\u00a0<strong>-ing<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">write\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>writing<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">have\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>having<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">come\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>coming<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">For verbs that\u00a0<strong>end in -ie<\/strong>, we change\u00a0<strong>-ie<\/strong>\u00a0to<strong>\u00a0-y<\/strong>\u00a0and add\u00a0<strong>-ing<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">lie\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>lying<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">die\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>dying<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">For verbs that\u00a0<strong>end with a single vowel followed by a consonant<\/strong>\u00a0(except w, x, or y) and the final syllable is stressed, we double the final consonant and add\u00a0<strong>-ing<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">run\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>running<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">swim\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>swimming<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">sit\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>sitting<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">control\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<strong>controlling<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"toc-6\" name=\"toc-6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>How to Use Gerunds<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>Gerund as a subject:<\/strong>\u00a0A gerund can be the subject of a sentence. The subject is the person or thing doing the action. For example:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Reading<\/strong>\u00a0is my favorite hobby.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Swimming<\/strong>\u00a0is good exercise.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Cooking<\/strong>\u00a0takes time.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>Gerund as an object:\u00a0<\/strong>A gerund can be the object of a verb. The object is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb. For example:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I enjoy\u00a0<strong>dancing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">They love\u00a0<strong>playing<\/strong>\u00a0soccer.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">She avoids<strong>\u00a0eating<\/strong>\u00a0fast food.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>Gerund as a complement:<\/strong>\u00a0A gerund can also act as the complement of the verb &#8220;to be.&#8221; In this case, it renames or defines the subject. For example:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">My favorite activity is\u00a0<strong>running<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">His job is\u00a0<strong>writing<\/strong>\u00a0scripts for commercials.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The hardest part is\u00a0<strong>waiting<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>Gerund after prepositions:<\/strong>\u00a0Gerunds often follow prepositions (in,\u00a0at,\u00a0with,\u00a0after, etc.). For example:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">He\u2019s interested in\u00a0<strong>learning<\/strong>\u00a0Spanish.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">She\u2019s good at\u00a0<strong>painting<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">After\u00a0<strong>finishing<\/strong>\u00a0his homework, he went to bed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<p><a id=\"toc-7\" name=\"toc-7\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Gerunds vs. Present Participles<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">It is important to note that gerunds look the same as present participles (both end in\u00a0<strong>-ing<\/strong>), but they have different functions in sentences.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">A\u00a0<strong>gerund<\/strong>\u00a0acts as a noun:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Running<\/strong>\u00a0is fun.\u00a0(Gerund = subject)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">A\u00a0<strong>present participle<\/strong>\u00a0acts as part of the verb or as an adjective:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>He is\u00a0<strong>running<\/strong>\u00a0fast.\u00a0(Present participle = verb in continuous tense)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The\u00a0<strong>crying<\/strong>\u00a0baby needs attention.\u00a0(Present participle = adjective describing &#8220;baby&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<p><a id=\"toc-8\" name=\"toc-8\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Some verbs are often followed by a gerund (not the infinitive form). Here are some common verbs that take a gerund:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>enjoy<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0I enjoy reading.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>avoid<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0He avoids talking loudly.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>suggest<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0She<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>suggests trying the new restaurant.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>finish<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0They<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>finished cleaning the house.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>mind<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0Do you<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>mind opening the window?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun in a sentence. It can function as the subject, object or complement. In-depth Explanation What Is a Gerund? Even though gerunds look like verbs, they do not act as verbs. Instead, they act as subjects, objects or complements in sentences. For &#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[255],"tags":[810,800,806,808,796,804,795,797,809,807,803,811,813,801,815,798,273,287,799,812,814,805,802],"class_list":["post-3360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noun","tag-bai-tap-danh-dong-tu","tag-cong-thuc-danh-dong-tu","tag-danh-dong-tu-lam-chu-ngu","tag-danh-dong-tu-lam-tan-ngu","tag-danh-dong-tu-tieng-anh","tag-dong-tu-them-ing","tag-english-gerund","tag-english-gerunds","tag-gerund-as-object","tag-gerund-as-subject","tag-gerund-examples","tag-gerund-exercises","tag-gerund-grammar","tag-gerund-rules","tag-gerund-vocabulary","tag-hoc-danh-dong-tu","tag-hoc-tieng-anh-cung-eduma","tag-learn-english-with-eduma","tag-learn-gerunds","tag-ngu-phap-danh-dong-tu","tag-tu-vung-danh-dong-tu","tag-verbs-ing","tag-vi-du-danh-dong-tu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3360"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3362,"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3360\/revisions\/3362"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edumaenglish.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}